Waste Tyre Recycling Plant – How To Set It Up

Waste tyres are one of the biggest global problems. You all are aware about the waste tyre recycling plant, but somehow it’s lacking behind. The very obvious reason is that the waste generation rate is more than recycling rate. Every year, around a billion waste tyres reach the end of their useful lives around the world. But, instead of being on waste tyre recycling plants, many of these waste tyres end up at clogging landfills. Furthermore, providing breeding grounds for pests and becoming a threat to the environment. 

You should know that, “Waste is only waste if we waste it”. So please whenever you find waste tyres, give them to the waste tyre recycling plant. Tyre recycling is also called rubber recycling. It is the process of recycling waste tyres. Waste tyres or rubber can be found everywhere around you.  Suppose, tyres that are no longer suitable for use on vehicles due to wear or irreparable damage. These tyres  are a challenging source of waste which cause harm to our environment. It is because of its:-

• non biodegradability, 
• easy flammability, 
• leaching of toxic chemicals into ground on dumping and 
• release of harmful fumes on incineration. 

The scrap tyres pose a challenge in recycling and disposal due to thickness and presence of multiple materials. So landfills are not at all a good option for waste tyre. However, bringing these tyres to the waste tyre recycling plant still remains a challenge.

The tyre industry in India is growing at 12% per annum and thus waste volume is rising. India is the second largest producer of reclaimed rubber after China. In India, about 5 lakh tonnes of crumb rubber modified bitumen (CRMB) is used in road construction every year. The USA is considered as the largest producer of waste tyres, about 300 million per annum. However, China and India are rapidly contributing to waste tyre volume due to increase in new vehicles sales.

Waste tyre recycling plants come with innovative recycling methods, high quality tyre shredders and other modern equipment. Waste tyres can be turned into new usable materials. If you need help from experts on what can be done with waste tyres, you can get in touch with our recycling consultants also. Let’s understand more about waste tyre recycling plants through this blog.

Waste tyre recycling plant machinery

So, waste tyre recycling plant machinery plays an important role to reduce waste tyres from landfills. You can also connect with our landfill consultants here.   Waste tyre recycling plant machinery are:-

Waste tyre recycling plant machinery	Figure	Description
Double Shaft tyre Shredder Machine		The double shaft tyre shredding machine preprocesses the entire tyre into approximately 50-80 mm rubber crumb.
Steel Wires Separate Machine		The tyre chips were further processed into less than 20mm by serrated knife of steel wires separate machine. 96% of the steel wires had been separated from the tyre during this step of treatment.
Magnetic Separator		The electromagnetic coils will be made from high temperature resistant insulated aluminum and copper conductors for continuous operation.The magnetic metal removal rate reaches 99.7%.
High-speed Crusher		The crusher further processes the tyre rubber particles into 2-7mm particles. The nylon and the fiber are removed 99.6% by a dust remover.
Vibrating Screening Machine		The broken material is divided into upper sieve and under sieve by the standard 3 mm hole diameter to ensure the purity of the subsequent sorting process.
Dust Collection of tyre Recycling Machine Line		Dust collection system can collect dust and fibers by the air pipe when the crushing machine is working.
Automatic Weighing Balers		After the final product granules are loaded into kraft paper bags at 25Kg–50Kg, they are automatically sealed and sutured. The weight error per bag is exactly 0.2%. Bagging Speed is 80-180 bags/hour.

Waste Tyre Use

Until now, you now know the role of waste tyre recycling plants. But what is the use of waste tyres? Let’s see what recycled rubber is used for!  Although tyres are usually burnt, not recycled, efforts are continuing to find value. 

Tyres can be reused in many ways. Mostly used tyres are burnt for their fuel value. In a 2003 report cited by the U.S. EPA, it is stated that markets existed for 80.4% of scrap tyres, about 233 million tyres  per year. Assuming 22.5 pounds (10.2 kg) per tyre, the 2003 report predicts a total weight of about 2.62 million tonnes from tyres. New products derived from waste tyres  generate more economic activity. While reducing waste stream without generating excessive pollution and emissions from recycling operations.

Tyres from waste tyre recycling plants can be used for the following purposes:-

• Tyres  can be reclaimed into, among other things, such as rubber powder from waste tyres. The hot melt asphalt, typically as crumb rubber modifier-recycled asphalt pavement (CRM-RAP), and as an aggregate in portland cement concrete.
• Tyres  have also been cut up and used in garden beds as bark mulch to hold in the water and to prevent weeds from growing. 
• Efforts have been made to use recycled tyres  as raw material for new tyres. But such tyres may integrate recycled materials no more than 5% by weight, and tyres  that contain recycled material are inferior to new tyre.
• Some “green” buildings, both private and public, have been made from old tyres. Green concrete using waste tyre rubber particles is an eco friendly option too. 
• Use of waste rubber tyres in construction of bituminous roads is also gaining lots of attention.
• Pyrolysis can be used to reprocess the tyres  into fuel gas, oils, solid residue (char), and low-grade carbon black, which cannot be used in tyre manufacture. A pyrolysis method which produces activated carbon and high-grade carbon black has been suggested.
• Acoustic treatment with waste tyres; the basic aim in using the waste tyres is to reduce the waste tyre dumping pollution that harms the environment. Recycler came up with the idea of converting tyres into a noise barrier. The resulting barrier can be fixed alongside railway tracks or road infrastructures to reduce vehicle noise and enhance the landscape.
• A proper approach to manage   waste tyre reuse or reduce the level of waste helps in conservation of resources for the succeeding generation and contributes to a healthy, clean and pollution free environment.

Recycling Tyres Business

Now you have an idea of what is made from recycled tyres. Let’s have a look at the waste tyre recycling business!

Cement manufacturing

Old tyres can be used as an alternative fuel in the manufacturing of portland cement, a key ingredient in concrete. Whole tyres  are commonly introduced into cement kilns, by rolling them into the upper end of a preheater kiln. Or by dropping them through a slot midway along a long wet kiln. In either case, the high gas temperatures (1000–1200 °C) cause almost instantaneous, complete and smokeless combustion of the tyre. Alternatively, tyres  are chopped into 5-10 mm chips, in which form they can be injected into a precalciner combustion chamber. Some iron input is required in manufacturing cement, so the iron content of steel-belted tyres  is beneficial to the process.

Waste tyre recycling pyrolysis plant

The pyrolysis method for recycling used tyres  is a technique which heats whole or shredded tyres  in a reactor vessel containing an oxygen-free atmosphere. In the reactor, the rubber is softened after which the rubber polymers break down into smaller molecules. These smaller molecules eventually vaporize and exit from the reactor. These vapors can be burned directly to produce power or condensed into an oily type liquid, generally used as a fuel. Some molecules are too small to condense. They remain as a gas which can be burned as fuel. The minerals that were part of the tyre, about 40% by weight, are removed as solid ashes. When performed properly, the tyre pyrolysis process is a clean operation and produces little emissions or waste. However, concerns about air pollution due to incomplete combustion as is the case with tyre fires has been documented.

The properties of the gas, liquid, and solid output are determined by the type of feed-stock used and the process conditions. For instance whole tyres  contain fibers and steel. Shredded tyres  have most of the steel and sometimes most of the fiber removed. Processes can be either batch or continuous. The energy required to drive the decomposition of the rubber includes using directly fired fuel, electrical induction or by microwaves. Sometimes a catalyst is used to accelerate the decomposition. The choice of feed-stock and process can affect the value of the finished products.

The historical issue of tyre pyrolysis has been the solid mineral stream, which accounts for about 40% of the output. The steel can be removed from the solid stream with magnets for recycling. The remaining solid material, often referred to as “char”, has had little or no value other than possibly as a low grade carbon fuel. Char is the destroyed remains of the original carbon black used to reinforce and provide abrasion resistance to the tyre. The solid stream also includes the minerals used in rubber manufacturing. This high volume component of tyre pyrolysis is a major impediment, although this theme continues to be a source of innovation.

Repurposing

Aside from recycling old tyres , the old tyre can be put to a new use.Old tyres  are sometimes converted into a swing for play. The innovative use allows for an easy way to find a purpose for an existing old tyre not suitable for road use.

Repurposed tyres  can also be harnessed as an affordable alternative building material used in the framework of rammed Earth thermal mass dwellings. This is beneficial across scales of production such as individually sustainable housing.

Rows of stacks of tyres are often used as barriers in motor racing circuits as a method of dissipating kinetic energy over a longer period of time during a crash, comparatively to striking a less malleable material such as a concrete or steel wall.

Many cattle farmers repurpose old tractor tyres  as water troughs for their cattle by placing them over natural springs or by piping stream water into them. These tyres  contain the water and allow it to pool for the cattle without any additional interaction from the farmer. Most farmers also include a drainage pipe near the top or in the center of the tyre so excess water can drain off to prevent overflow and erosion around the outside of the tyre where the cattle would be.

Cryogenic recycling

Tyres  can be frozen using cryogens, or super-cold fluids, then broken down and made into a material called “crumb,” which can be used in asphalt road beds, agricultural hoses, and truck bed liners.

Tyre-derived products

• The process of stamping and cutting tyres  is used in some apparel products, such as sandals and as a road sub-base, by connecting together the cut sidewalls to form a flexible net.

• Construction materials, entire homes can be built with whole tyres  by filling them with earth and covering them with concrete, a common material in earthships. They are used in civil engineering applications such as subgrade fill and embankments, back-fill for walls and bridge abutments, subgrade insulation for roads, landfill projects, and septic system drain fields. Tyres  are also bound together and used as different types of barriers such as: collision reduction, erosion control, rainwater runoff, blasting mats, wave action that protects piers and marshes, and sound barriers between roadways and residences.
• Artificial reefs are built using tyres  that are bonded together in groups. There is some controversy on how effective tyres  are as an artificial reef system, an example is The Osborne Reef Project which has become an environmental nightmare that will cost millions of dollars to rectify.
• The markets predicted by the 2003 report were:- tyre derived fuel (TDF) using 130 million tyres , civil engineering projects using 56 million tyres , ground rubber turned into molded rubber products using 18 million tyres , ground rubber turned into rubber-modified asphalt using 12 million tyres, exported items using 9 million tyres, cut stamped and punched products using 6.5 million tyres , and agricultural and miscellaneous uses 3 million tyres .
• Shredded tyres , known as tyre Derived Aggregate (TDA), have many civil engineering applications. TDA can be used as a back-fill for retaining walls, fill for landfill gas trench collection wells, back-fill for roadway landslide repair projects as well as a vibration damping material for railway lines.
• Ground and crumb rubber, also known as size-reduced rubber, can be used in both paving type projects and in moldable products. These types of paving are: Rubber Modified Asphalt (RMA), Rubber Modified Concrete, and as a substitution for an aggregate. Examples of rubber-molded products are carpet padding or underlay, flooring materials, dock bumpers, patio decks, railroad crossing blocks, livestock mats, sidewalks, rubber tiles and bricks, movable speed bumps, and curbing/edging. 
• The rubber can be molded with plastic for products like pallets and railroad ties. Athletic and recreational areas can also be paved with the shock absorbing rubber-molded material. Rubber from tyres  is sometimes ground into medium-sized chunks and used as rubber mulch. 
• Rubber crumb can also be used as an infill, alone or blended with coarse sand, as in infill for grass-like synthetic turf products such as Field-turf.
• Steel mills can use tyres  as a carbon source, replacing coal or coke in steel manufacturing.
• Tyres   are also often recycled for use on basketball courts and new shoe products.

Waste tyre recycling plant process

To make a waste tyre recycling plant more effective you need to know about the waste tyre recycling plant process. As we know, the major tyre recycling process is to convert waste tyres  into fuel oil, steel wire and carbon black. The whole process is safe and environmentally friendly. Waste tyre recycling plant machines adopt unique technology to increase oil yield rate, reduce fuel consumption. It ensures no danger and no pollution during the production. Our recycling consultants are here to help you with your recycling needs.

Let’s see the process for the same. So the major tyre recycling process is to convert waste tyres  into fuel oil, steel wire and carbon black. 

• First, we put raw materials into the reactor by auto-feeder, then heat the reactor with coal or wood or natural gas or oil. When the temperature reaches around 250 degrees, celsius oil gas will be produced.
• Then, liquid oil will be cooled out by a cooling system from oil gas, which is collected by an oil tank in the tyre pyrolysis plant.
• Now, the waste gas which can not be cooled out in normal pressure will be recycled to heat the reactor, not only saving energy, but also protecting the environment.

• The dark smoke produced by a heating reactor can achieve national emission standards through dual desulfurization and dusting removal devices.
• Then the temperature of the reactor will be low after we get oil. At this moment, carbon black will be discharged automatically.
• Lastly, when the temperature falls to 100 degree celsius, the worker could put a steel wire hook to the reactor to take the steel wire out. Then, another batch will begin.

Raw materials for waste tyre recycling

Tyre recycling Business Raw material:

• Used/waste tyre (Radial or Nylon)
• Shoe sole
• Waste Conveyor Belt
• Coal for producing heat for 
• Pyrolysis plant

Output Products (Pyrolysis Plant):

1. Hydrocarbon gas
2. Pyrolysis fuel oil
3. Black Carbon Powder
4. Steel wire

Profit in waste tyre recycling business

Many investors see the opportunity in the waste tyre recycling business. But many of you may have doubts that the waste tyre recycling business is a profitable opportunity? Of course, it is.  

First of all, waste tyres  are abundant in raw materials. With the improvement of people’s living standards, cars have become very common, so the replacement of waste tyres  is very abundant. If you’re in the tyre recycling business, obviously, you don’t have to worry about raw materials.

Secondly, it plays a very important role in environmental protection. Tyre recycling pyrolysis plants are one of the growing businesses in today’s world. Some companies have been committed to the research and development of environmental protection. Waste tyre recycling plant, among which the tyre pyrolysis plant developed can crack waste tyres  into fuel oil, carbon black, steel wire, and synthetic gas. In other words, waste tyres can be converted into many useful products. 

Thirdly, the final products are widely used and sell out. Business can grow up by selling finished products such as:- 

• 45% fuel oil:- It is a good heating fuel with a calorific value of 10592.48 kcal/kg. Fuel oil is widely used in boiler plants, cement plants, steel plants, brick factories, glass plants, heavy oil power plants, heating centers, etc.

• 30% carbon black:- It can be sold directly or formed into pellets instead of coal for industrial heating. The combustion value of carbon black is 7000 kcal, which is equivalent to coal and charcoal. Or further refined into a variety of rubber products.

• 15% of steel wire:- It can be obtained and sold to steel mills or scrap recyclers.

• 10% of synthetic natural gas:- It will be recycled to heat the reactor to your heating fuel.

So of course, the profit in the waste tyre recycling business is unpredictable. You can now start your own waste tyre recycling plant!

Waste tyre recycling plant project cost factors

Waste tyre recycling plant price is a very crucial factor to look for. It should be studied properly before starting up a waste tyre recycling plant. Tyre recycling plant cost is the first concern of most investors. It ranges from USD 49,000 to 75,000. But what will influence the waste tyre recycling plant price? There are many factors we should consider.

What Does Waste tyre Recycling Plant Cost Cover?

The first thing is to know that the waste tyre recycle plant cost does not equal the tyre recycling machine price. Except for the equipment price, we should also take the operating costs and maintenance costs into consideration. Here is a simple cost list of a tyre recycling plant for your reference:

• Waste tyre pyrolysis machine price.
• Other support equipment costs.
• Space expenses.
• Construction costs.
• Cost of raw materials.
•  Fuel costs.
• Labor force input.
• Maintenance costs

These are the main common factors of the waste tyre recycling plant cost. Moreover, there are also many influencing factors of the waste tyre recycling plant price, such as the scale, the operating methods, etc. It may sound complex to you. Tyre pyrolysis equipment is the key part of a waste tyre recycling plant, which also costs the most. Meanwhile, it also greatly influences the other expenses. Generally, the smaller scale pyrolysis unit is cheaper than the larger plant. More than that, the continuous pyrolysis plant is more expensive than the batch plant. But the continuous plant is easier to install and operate. Other than that we also need to invest in legal documents and need to certify your waste tyre recycling plant. Let’s see them;

License Requirements:

• Business Registration (Proprietorship /LLP / Private limited)
• MSME Registration
• Trade License
• GST Number
• Factory License & Registration
• Electricity Permission
• Pollution Board (Management & Handling of plastic Waste)

Waste tyre recycling plant in india

India is the world’s third largest producer and fourth largest consumer of natural rubber. Within the country, the automobile industry is the largest consumer. 

The Union environment ministry’s new draft notification, published on December 31, 2021, proposes to regulate the disposal of such waste tyres by enforcing the extended producer responsibility (EPR). This policy extends the responsibility of the producer, or importer, to include the disposal of waste tyres, and frees consumers from having to worry about responsible disposal. According to the notification, manufacturers and importers of tyres, including waste tyres, will have to ensure that all their products are recycled in line with the government’s standards, and they will have until 2024 to start complying.

With the rate of growth of the industry, this number is only set to increase. An “environmental research and action group” called Chintan reported in 2017 that by 2035, there will be around 80.1 million passenger vehicles (cars and utility vehicles) and 236.4 million two wheelers on the roads. The 1.5 billion waste tyres that are generated every year worldwide, 6% are in India. In addition, India also imports around three lakh tonnes of tyres to recycle every year. They are subject to thermochemical treatments in high temperatures to produce industrial oil and other derivatives.

Pollution from these sources is a big concern. In 2019, the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) ordered 270 tyre pyrolysis units in 19 states to shut, after finding that the units were flouting environmental norms and were responsible for high levels of pollution. The same year, following a plea by an NGO, the National Green Tribunal asked the CPCB to create a comprehensive plan to address waste tyre management in the country. Also it looks towards restricting the import of waste tyres. Let’s now learn about how subsidies on waste tyre recycling in India work.

The new EPR regime

The environment ministry’s new draft notification, to extend EPR to include for waste tyres, aims to address these concerns. According to the notification, the ministry appointed an expert committee that included representatives of the National Institution for Transforming India, (NITI Aayog), CPCB and the All India Rubber and Tyre Recyclers Association, among others. The committee had been tasked with preparing a comprehensive action plan to manage the disposal of waste tyres.

After meetings with stakeholders and inputs from the committee, the ministry developed a report on tyre scrap, which also included recommendations on EPR, and submitted it to the NITI Aayog in August 2021. According to the new draft notification, by 2024-2025, all manufacturers and importers of new tyres will need to recycle all their products, starting with recycling 35% and then 75% of their products for the first two years, and achieving 100% by 2024. The notification also bans the import of waste tyres for the sole purpose of producing pyrolysis oil or char.

Additionally, all producers and importers will have to register with the CPCB and obtain an ‘EPR certificate’ in favor of a registered recycler for all the products they recycle. Recyclers, including facilities that engage in pyrolysis, will have to provide monthly updates to the CPCB on the quantity of waste tyres used, end products produced and EPR certificates sold in this regard. The CPCB has also been tasked with setting guidelines to impose and collect environmental compensation from producers and recyclers if they don’t comply with these regulations or use false EPR certificates. If approved; the draft notification will be open for comments for two months; the rules, as part of the Environment (Protection) Act 1986, will be effective from the next financial year, 2022-2023.

List of waste tyre recycling plant in india

Sundaram Industries Private Limited

Sundaram Industries Private Limited offers rubber products. The Company provides automotive and industrial molded rubber products including diaphragms, mounting, o-rings, suspension bushes, tan wheel, and bellow boot products. Sundaram Industries serves customers in India.

Sundaram Industries was established in the year 1961 at Madurai for the manufacture of Molded Rubber Products.

Own compound mixing, mold design & development with state of the art manufacturing facility. Under this company TVS Group companies manufacture various automotive systems such as wheels, axles, brakes, Fuel management, electricals, forgings for passenger

Ecomak Environmental & Industrial Systems (P.) Ltd

Ecomak is a leading engineering company providing sustainable environmental, thermal & industrial solutions worldwide. Leading the way to a sustainable and smart world, Ecomak develops and markets cutting edge integrated environmental, material handling & thermal solutions for customers worldwide. Our team of engineers has the expertise to handle projects from `concept to commissioning` and tailor systems to suit the exact process requirements. Ecomak, today is one of the few companies whose solutions are present across industries and applications, including but not limited to cement, steel, minerals, non-ferrous power plants, process boilers, tyres & tubes, chemicals & petrochemicals, textiles or food & beverages.

Beston Group Co., Ltd.

Beston Group Co., Ltd. is the Environmental Protection Division of Henan Golee Holding Group, responsible for the promotion of resource regeneration solutions, equipment manufacturing and project implementation in the global market. Beston Group is mainly engaged in the equipment production of waste plastic, tyre, rubber recycling, oil sludge treatment, biomass recycling, sewage sludge management and paper recycling as well as packaging technical solutions, installation and commissioning services, project operation services, etc.

Fabhind

Fabhind, established in the year 1991 is an ISO 9001:2015 certified company involved in the manufacturing, supplying and installation of Asphalt Batch Mix Plant, Heavy road construction machineries and equipment, Waste tyre pyrolysis plants and Concrete plants. They have been an established company with three manufacturing units and have an excellent track record of customer satisfaction through our perseverance work and efforts in maintaining the quality of product. 

Fornnax Technology Pvt Ltd

One of the leading Manufacturer, Exporter and Supplier of this impeccable range of Industrial Rubber Shredder, Fornnax Technology Pvt. Ltd. Fornnax with its unique renewable technology has come up with a concept of setting new standards in the field of processing of waste tyres  and scrap plastic to produce various types of commercially valuable products. Fornnax has a team of experienced and expert recycling, consulting and marketing professionals that work hard for obtaining renewable energy from the waste tyres . Our professionals have varied levels of expertise and skills in the field of waste tyre recycling and disposal. We are committed to provide all-round support and cooperation to our customers from supply of equipment to installation and maintenance. 

Environmental benefits of recycling waste tyre

Tyre basically consists of heavy metals and other pollutants so there is a potential risk for the toxins into the soil and groundwater when placed in wet soils leading to contamination of groundwater and pollution of soil. The solubility of these toxins varies with the variation in the pH of soil and conditions of local water. Research has proven that very little leaching occurs when shredded tyres are used as landfill material. In some cases however, there are limitations on use of this material. For its safe disposal each site should be individually assessed for determining if this product is appropriate for given conditions.

Sometimes eco-toxicity may be a bigger problem than first thought. Studies show that a host of vulcanization and rubber chemicals such as zinc, heavy metals leach into water from tyres. Shredded tyre pieces leach much more, creating a bigger concern, due to the increased surface area on the shredded pieces. Many organisms are sensitive, and without dilution, contaminated tyre water has been shown to kill some organisms.

Burning of tyres  also produces many harmful gasses. In winters, for the purpose of heat, poor people burn used tyres which are precursors of air pollution and produce harmful and toxic gaseous and particulate matter. One can fall seriously ill with the inhalation of these contaminants due to suffocation. 

So it is better to recycle these tyres to promote secondary raw material for the manufacturing of mew rubber goods. This can also be considered as an efficient drive for a better and safer environment. More economic activity can be obtained from new products derived from waste tyres  than combustion or other low multiplier production, while reducing waste stream without generating excessive pollution and emissions from recycling operations.

Instead of dumping scrap tyres in landfills or incinerating them, it’s time to start looking at them as a resource. Not only this they are ideal for construction applications, but also provide an affordable fuel source for a variety of industries. Substituting virgin raw material with recycled tyres offers both economic and environmental benefits, by reducing:

• Consumption of fossil fuels and new raw materials in various applications.
• Processing costs for applications where tyres are used whole or shredded.
• Exploration, extraction and transportation costs for raw materials or fuels.
• Emissions and land-use impact from fossil fuel and raw material mining.

Challenges in waste tyre recycling plant setup

As we all know, recycling comes with many challenges. Let’s have a look at those challenges. So, in the waste tyre recycling plant setup currently, the material recycling of tyre products is still very low, due to many problems related to the processing of used tyres, especially multicomponent construction. The particular techniques in material recycling could have different forms, but the main steps are usually the same. 

The first step is to collect the products and then sort them. The sorting process is usually connected with pre-treating and de-beading (removing of steel elements from tyre). Steel wire received in this step could have application as a reinforcement for building products or as a raw material for the production of virgin steel. Next, the used tyres  are cut and crushed or dissolved. The most often applied techniques of mechanical processing are cutting, shredding, and granulating or sieving. The rubber obtained in this step could be fragmented, granulated, and thermal treated depending on its future application, such as manufacturing tracks for athletics, insulation in buildings, matting surface, surfaces for playgrounds, marine non-slip surfaces, etc. The other possibility is obtaining, through a mechanical grinding process, rubber particles of various sizes, steel, and textile waste as a mixed fraction. Irrespective of the fractions obtained, the grinding process is energy-consuming and causes high noise emission.

In the case of rubber-based products such as used tyres it is additionally complicated because of the high elastic properties of the rubber. To improve this process, a low temperature may be applied, which makes the rubber brittle and much easier to crush. Using the temperature below the glass transition temperature of rubber significantly reduces energy consumption for mechanical grinding, prevents fire and explosion hazard, and allows for production of a finely dispersed rubber powder with a particle size of up to 100 microns with elimination of environmental pollution. The main disadvantage of using low temperatures is the increase in cost . The multi-material composition of tyres causes difficulties both in the tyre recycling process and in using the components. 

Some components such as rubber and steel can be relatively easily recovered and find applications, for example, in the concrete industry. Others, for example, textile cord, have limited possibilities for use after recovery. The problem of reusing textile fibers in the recycling of car tyres has not yet been sufficiently explored. It was tested as a reinforcement material for the production of polypropylene composites and used for the production of bumpers for cars or different building materials.

The other possibility of using used tyres is energy recovery, including pyrolysis, gasification, and hydrothermal liquefaction. It allows waste tyres to be turned into energy in the form of fuels (most often gasoline and diesel) but usually is connected to the loss of materials. Recently, waste tyre pyrolysis technology has become more and more popular and includes waste management strategies in different areas.

Energy recovery technologies could also be an option for the accumulated stocks of waste tyres, especially in the case where material recycling is not effective, because of partial environmental degradation. The thermal process could help dissolve the problem of about 100 million tons of waste tyres that require recycling or safe disposal, which is against circular economy goals. All presented methods could be complementary to each other. They bring benefits, but they also have some limitations. Most of the methods of utilization also require some future development work.

FAQs

Q1. Does waste management take old tyres?

Answer-  Yes, waste management takes old tyres. Tyre recycling is the process of recycling rubbish tires that are no longer suitable for use. These tyres are a challenging source of waste, due to the large volume produced, the durability of the tyres, and the components in the tyre that are ecologically problematic. If waste tyres are improperly managed they may cause rubber pollution. 

Q2. Is tyre recycling profitable in india?

Answer- Yes, tyre recycling is profitable in india. From a tyre recycling business, you can expect a profit margin of up to 20%. If you tie up with more raw material suppliers and more dealers or companies, you can earn more income.

Q3. How can I import scrap tyres in india?

Answer- Tyre importers require a license or permission for imports following the government’s move. In June 2020 to restrict import of tyres used for cars, buses, trucks, and motorcycles, including radials and tubeless ones.

Q4. What is tyre pyrolysis oil?

Answer- Pyrolysis is a promising technology to extract energy from the waste tyre via converting into useful products i.e. tyre pyrolysis oil (TPO), pyro-gas and solid char. TPO, a dark brown/black colored liquid is used as a fuel in compression ignition (CI) engines, industrial furnaces and power plants etc.

Q5. What products are made from recycled rubber?

Answer- Recycled rubber is used in shoes, plastics, paints, carpets, etc. Rubber chunks or rubber powder is produced through recycled rubber, which is used in a wide variety of goods. Recycled rubber is even a source of fuel.

Q6. What percent of tyres are recycled in india?

Answer- As per data provided for an National Green Tribunal (NGT), India discards roughly 275,000 tyres each year but does not have a comprehensive plan for them. Over and above it, about 3 million waste tyres are imported for recycling.